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Product Name: | Discussion CMM implementation process |
Published: | 2015-03-04 |
Product Type: | |
Product Description: | I. Introduction The software industry has been valued by many countries to be developed and placed in a strategic height, and the current development of China's software industry is still slow. Due to the size and technical capacity restrictions, China's software enterprises are still engaged in artisanal and small-company type style software production model, the lack of the concept of software engineering, many software companies in the state to fend for themselves. In this case, the software company affordability of large software projects is relatively weak in the international market is basically in a competitive disadvantage. This phenomenon has led to some deeper reason, there is an urgent need to explore a road for the development of China's software industry. Measures to solve the problem is to obtain permits may participate in international competition through international certification, improve enterprise management, improve competitiveness. CMM (Capability Maturity Model, Software Capability Maturity Model) through the organization of software evaluation software capabilities, the software production process assessment and improvement, to improve the capacity and quality of software product development, production and realization of software engineering. Compared to neighboring India and China's software industry is still a big difference between India and exports in fiscal year 2003-2004, India's exports of software and IT services reached about $ 12.2 billion, software exports to China in 2003, according to official statistics is $ 2 billion, only one sixth of India. Many reasons for this disparity, it their own management, we are more than the poor in India. From the perspective of the industry itself, the Indian software industry is an important factor in the import CMM model of success. By managing CMM model, India substantially increased its capabilities and quality of software development of software products, to ensure that the US and European software export growth. Compared with this, the country's overall level of software development India level only 10 years ago, the software production software in general is artisanal production process, there are chapters that do not follow in a chaotic state and unsystematic. Therefore, the implementation of CMM software enterprises to strengthen their management, the only way out of the woods, is an important measure of the software industry and international standards. II. Implementation Model CMM experience at all levels of implementation has brought us a new management philosophy, originally did not know how to manage the project, the budget for the project, but also the lack of an effective quality management methods, so in the course of the project to progress case, the software product quality has never been clear how to know. In cooperation with foreign companies for software development projects, can not be fully carried out in a highly on communication, often there is no data to support the cause is not clear how to set up the project cycle, the work is not clear how the allocation will be more scientific. Today is the era of high technology, in this case, we should be based on how software companies? From a software project in terms of management, technology, and people will always be three key success factors, the lack of any one, will not form a triangular support favorable, not favorable to successfully support software projects. From the current situation, we are not missing, nor is technology, but rather the management, how scientific management, in order to develop a successful software, the software industry is placed in front of a need to think about. The current worldwide generic quality management system, the idea of ??actually are interlinked. Whether ISO9001, or CMM, or 6-Sigma, in theory, all want to control the quality of the process in order to achieve product quality control. And among these systems, CMM mainly for software development process proposed by the Software Capability Maturity is divided into five levels, each level are adding new requirements on the basis of one level below. CMM said one, in fact, there is no management and control of the business, were seen at that level. CMM2 actual level of implementation is to have basic project management activities, such as the entire process of project planning and progress of the project on track, control versions of the software development work products generated in the process control software process to ensure product quality, customer demand for the proposed control, especially changes in demand and so on. If you need the software outsourcing production, but also for subcontractors control. Actually start CMM2 level implementation, the difficulty lies in changing ideas, need to break the previous development activities, but with a new development model instead. Often because developers are reluctant to change their habits, CMM2 level of implementation requires certain mandatory under complete. In this process, each project must be planned, what specifically needs to be done to develop the process, who will do, when to do it, clear the time period and the cost of each task, there is a clear risk which may project development process, and these are recorded, the entire development team to form a development plan is required to comply. Implementation process of the project, in order to project progress statistics, each developer must hand their weekly reports, completion report of the task. After working for the product version control, but also from the state to get rid of the clutter out of work products can get the complete preservation, and to ensure that a work product produced a change, and it is related to the work product will change accordingly, so that the ensure consistency among all work products, so at least to avoid frequent changes due to customer demand caused by the final product is inconsistent with the customer's problem. CMM2 level through the implementation of the project at least know a human need, about how long it takes, you know the project development need to follow the steps required to implement step by step plan. However, for the engineering process, without much attention, the entire development process may still be more casual, there is no strict control every aspect of the development, the resulting work product release conditions are relaxed, and therefore can not fully guarantee the quality of the work product. So to CMM3 level, on the basis of the two increased the requirements engineering process and verification requirements. Implementation CMM3 early stage development process file system developed mainly in accordance with the requirements of software engineering, focusing on software requirements analysis, design, implementation and testing session, etc., and asked to produce a work product at each stage of development should be reviewed and tested For how to be reviewed and tested at the same time also developed a corresponding process. Usually not implemented before the CMM assessment activities has also been carried out, but after a review process in accordance with the development of the system-level requirements CMM3 found previous assessment may be inefficient, review meetings often last several hours, but did not find a lot of problems, review frequent meetings dispute, and therefore ineffective. And efficient planning assessment will be carried out first, arrange a good time and review the role that each reviewer has its own focus, will be held before the review, reviewers should be carried out for each individual review, but only a real review meeting The review found that individuals reporting problems without discussing solutions to the problem, the problem of how to solve possible after the meeting and discuss the relevant personnel to ensure the effectiveness of the review meeting, saving everyone's time. Join the engineering development process requires the same time, to make the development process of the project can be more effective capacity that increased the demand level in the organization of training, do not have the ability to project the appropriate personnel, should first be trained in mastering the After the skills needed to posts, described as "quicken the power." In this case, at the organization level for the smooth implementation of security system, established SEPG (Software Engineering Process Group, Software Engineering Process Group) to prepare and process group, focusing primarily on improvements and system files, and system construction planning process throughout the organization . In CMM3 implementation process should consciously collect relevant data, such as size, effort, defects, and progress, build a foundation for future activities. CMM4 level and above is established on the basis of the data set quality goals, and gradually the statistics of baseline data organization level, and only mastered these data will enable us to analyze trends defects, positioning problems; determine whether new technologies, new Methods for the benefits we bring. From an objective point of view and make a variety of decisions rather than subjective judgments, to make us a more accurate grasp of the essence of things, to ensure that the conclusions are not contrary to the objective to make all kinds of laws to further the purpose of the implementation process of continuous improvement. CMM implementation in several years, the deepest feelings is to transform ideas. Unconsciously, CMM concept has gradually developed into daily activities. Developers have formed a good habit, such as submitting personal weekly weekly review of work products, such as source code submitted in accordance with standard procedures. After working for several years to implement CMM, although the change is huge, but there is still in the implementation process discordant elements. Especially a lot of comments focused on the implementation of CMM prolonged development time, while increasing the human cost of project management, on the other hand in the development process, developers need to write a document and need to spend hours costs. Therefore, there is a certain contradiction between the CMM implementation and market requirements. We should focus on how to adapt to the needs of system implementation projects, and how to coordinate between the management and the market requirements. Three. CMM implementation issues should be noted that the combination of theory and practice 1. CMM requirements for each level are given by KPA (Key Process Area, key process area) forms, each level will be the basis of the original level on the increase in the corresponding KPA, KPA each specific goals and practice requirements. CMM is a concept introduced from abroad, in fact, an idea introduced. We should grasp its essence, and from our actual situation, and our practice to consider how to adapt. However, the current implementation seems to understand the concept in many still bias, on the one hand did not fully understand the requirements of CMM, CMM hand copying requirements, lack of flexibility, resulting in the implementation process feeling stiff. 2. The importance of training in the CMM implementation process, in order to enable us to better understand and implement, requires a lot of training. Often in the training process, and more emphasis on theory and practice is still insufficient. Therefore, although the cause were trained, but in the actual execution, but also found a lot of places do not understand. Training activities should also work as a long-term adherence, using universal training and special training combination. Vivid 3. To ensure the full and effective implementation, you can not make an issue only on the surface. To achieve the "Vivid." What are the system requirements on what to do is not enough, but also consider the adequacy of the content. However, the current implementation, we found that in many places can not guarantee its adequacy requirements, such as engineering and project development process document content. This hazard is to spend a certain amount of time, but the lack of far less than the desired effect, will eventually lead to discontent, increased workload, but did not fully appreciate the benefits of implementation. 4. Respect the objective laws of CMM implementation should be step by step work. There was a vivid metaphor, a child has not yet learned to walk, how could learn to run? CMM is also true when performing CMM2 level, like a child just learning to walk, and level 3 requires you to walk on the basis of the request learn running. Require different levels takes time, at this time is mainly to make a more solid foundation, which gradually move to higher demand. The actual execution time business data from the statistical analysis of data can be displayed, for the time required to implement each level, and it takes about 14-18 months. Therefore, we can not ignore the facts and determine unrealistic goals, which led to the foundation is not solid work. 5. CMM with personnel in the implementation process, especially in the beginning stages, selecting personnel is very important work. CMM accepted ideas and project managers easily co-responsible for the quality assurance personnel, are key success factors for implementation of CMM. Choosing key personnel, it is easy to pass in the form of point to an area of ??the model to the implementation process smooth and stable. To accept this idea, only tempered by time and gradually become a code of conduct, the process will not be achieved overnight. 6. The measure activities undertaken measure is a difficult process of implementing CMM were, in fact, not because the work itself is difficult to measure, but our past experience to measure activities are relatively unfamiliar, do not know how to collect, analyze data to serve us. In the implementation process should start as soon as possible CMM measurement work, not only for a higher level of implementation of activities to prepare, but the need for such awareness as early as possible and continue to accumulate data. Starting from business goals through standardized metrics definition, collection and analysis process, as soon as possible to determine the critical success factors and key processes of attention, in order to gain valuable historical data, to lay a solid foundation for future decision-making analysis. Anyway, we should fully grasp the essence and substance of the CMM, and these theories and into practice, providing enterprise features of the process system requirements. |
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Copyright © GuangDong ICP No. 10089450, Behan management company All rights reserved.
Technical support: ShenZhen AllWays Technology Development Co., Ltd.
AllSources Network's Disclaimer: The legitimacy of the enterprise information does not undertake any guarantee responsibility